1. Why did American plantation owners and U.S. Marines topple Hawaii’s queen in 1893? Why was Hawaii considered to be a valuable prize? What was President Grover Cleveland’s reaction? Do you agree or disagree with his quote on page 1?
The US toppled the Hawaiian government in order to annex the islands. Hawaii was an important addition to US property because of its location (en route to East Asia) and its ability to grow crops like sugar and pinapple.President Cleveland reacted to this saying that the US needed to do all in its power to help the Hawaiian people. I agree with this because the Hawauuan people were in a very unstable state untill the US interviened and stabalized the islands.
2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?
a. immigration increased drastically
- The drastic increase in immigration led to many laborers who were willing to work for small wages, which helped being about the industrial revolution. It also created a much greater racial diversity than that that had existed in the country's earlyer years, causeing raceism.
b. country became more urban and less rural
- The urbinization of the US led to many opprunitys that the country had never had to further its economy, such as haveing factorys. It also led to many new problems, however, such as overcrowding, high crime rates, and disease.
c. the US became a world power, one that could compete even with the Europien nations
- The newfound power that the US came into during this time brought about many new questions about how to go forward and what America's international image should be.
d. the entire country was explored untill there was no longer a fronteer
- America became a country of "explorers". The whole idea of manifest dstiny became somewhat of an embodiment of what it ment to be "an American". Once the western fronteer was completely explored, many were left looking for more new lands to explore and share American ideals with.
e. the US's exports changed from mainly crops to goods made in factories
- The urbaniziation of the country led to many Americans working in factorys and alot smaller of a percentage of the country's population working as farmers. This untimatly improved the economy of the US because they were able to create exports faster and cheeper.
3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
The buisness owners and workers were those who the depression impacted the hardest. This deepened the divisions between these groups of people because even more strikes came about due to worker's fears of loseing their jobs, and these strikes often ended badly because the buisness owners were afraid to give their workers what they wanted incase the economy hurt them again.
4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
America took on the qualitys of: resourcefulness, bravery, pragmatism, ingenuity, individualism, egalitarianism, and patoritism in its early days. Many believed these were the qualitys that made the US special, and that without new lands to explore these qualitys would cease to exist and America's spirit would be lost.
5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?
At this time America had become a main international power. They feared, however, that Europe's proavtive approach to impearilism would shut the US out of international trade opprunitys, and that the US would not be able to keep up with other international powers. Americans sugested that America look into adoption similar imperialistic qualitys to help them in international trade.
6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?
expansionists called for economic expansion overseas. Imperialists called for takeing control of territories around the world.
7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today?
The ideas of social Darwinism and scientific racism was cited as support for American imperialism because they implied that the people of the lands we were takeing over were lesser than we were, therefore they needed our help and by takeing control of them we were simply doing them a favor. These ideas have been disproved today and are not used in public policy.
8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world?
They said it was the role of America to bring world peace.
9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations
The US became involved in Latin American nations and Samoa/Hawaii because of two main reasons. One is because they were keep stops for steamships in traveling to Asia and other trade markets, and another was that they were key for growing cirtin crops that could not be grown in the US.
10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response?
He was concerned that Europien nations would take control of Latin American markets before the US had the chance to get involved. He invoked the Monroe Doctrine.
Thursday, October 29, 2009
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Spanish-American War (1898)
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners fuled the Spanish American war because during the Cuban revolt they supported Cuba and they had intrest in Cuban sugar plantations. This intrest was convayed to the American government.
2. José Martí- During Cuba's second revolt against the Spanish, he destroied American property hopeing to force them to interviene and help their cause.
3. Valeriano Weyler- He set up concentration camps for Cubans who were supporting the revolt. News of this infuriated Americans and added to the Anti-Spanish feeling in the country.
4. Yellow journalism- Yellow journalism, a way of presenting news in an exaggerated way, made the Spanish look alot worse than they necessarly were. This added to the anti-Spanish feeling in America and caused more people to call for the US government to interviene.
5. De Lôme letter- This was a letter written by a Spanish Minister being extreamily critical of the US president. Once this letter got out, newspapers accused the Spanish of insulting the Americans and called for war.
6. U.S.S. Maine- The U.S.S. Maine was an American battleship that exploded and sunk in Spanish territory. Even though it was later proven that the explosion was caused by faulty ship design, it was believed at the time that the explosion had been an act of war by the Spanish. This was the final straw that caused the US to go to was against Spain.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba - was reconized as an independent country.
8. Puerto Rico- was given to the US.
9. Guam - was given to the US.
10. Philippine Islands - was given to the US.
9. Guam -
1. American business owners fuled the Spanish American war because during the Cuban revolt they supported Cuba and they had intrest in Cuban sugar plantations. This intrest was convayed to the American government.
2. José Martí- During Cuba's second revolt against the Spanish, he destroied American property hopeing to force them to interviene and help their cause.
3. Valeriano Weyler- He set up concentration camps for Cubans who were supporting the revolt. News of this infuriated Americans and added to the Anti-Spanish feeling in the country.
4. Yellow journalism- Yellow journalism, a way of presenting news in an exaggerated way, made the Spanish look alot worse than they necessarly were. This added to the anti-Spanish feeling in America and caused more people to call for the US government to interviene.
5. De Lôme letter- This was a letter written by a Spanish Minister being extreamily critical of the US president. Once this letter got out, newspapers accused the Spanish of insulting the Americans and called for war.
6. U.S.S. Maine- The U.S.S. Maine was an American battleship that exploded and sunk in Spanish territory. Even though it was later proven that the explosion was caused by faulty ship design, it was believed at the time that the explosion had been an act of war by the Spanish. This was the final straw that caused the US to go to was against Spain.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba - was reconized as an independent country.
8. Puerto Rico- was given to the US.
9. Guam - was given to the US.
10. Philippine Islands - was given to the US.
9. Guam -
Thursday, October 22, 2009
U.S. Imperialism Begins
1. Name at least five factors that fueled American Imperialism.
a. technology
b. military
c. religion
d. tradeing
e. to stop China and Great Btitian from getting too much power
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
A. technology- America had never previously bothered with getting land west of the contiguous United States because they didn't have the technology to make use of the land. With the invention of Steamships American had the ability to bring goods from Hawaii back to the contiguous United States in a timely fassion and make use of them.
C. religion- Much like the viewpoint of early labor reform movements, American's thought of themselfs as above the Hawaiins. They made what they were doing sound moraly right by arguing that the Hawaiins needed to be converted to monotheism for their own good.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
It was Secretary of State Steward's purchase of Alaska from the Russians. Many called it a Folly because at first it was looked upon as useless land. Not untill the many natural resources of the land became clear to Americans did the general public approve of the purchace.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
The Unite States controlled sugar plantations accounted for 3/4 of Hawaii's wealth.
5. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
In 1880 the United States declared the Western fronteer closed. Many believed that what made America so special was the ability do continue westward expansion and discover and make use of new natural resources. This created the belief that if Americans could no longer find a fronteer to explore they will cease to be real Americans. This, along with new technology that made exploreing the pacific ocean a feasible opprunity, eventually would lead to America's intrest in and eventual take over of Hawaii. Also, once intrest in Hawaii began, many more reasons why it was a necessary addition to the United States came about. It was wanted for: military reasons, because of Pearl Harobr's location; religious reasons, because Americans still had a strong belief in social darwinism and that they were more fit to control Hawaii than the hawaiians were; economic reasons, because of the ability to grow new resources that couldn't be grown in North America; and for nationalist reasons, to be able to control the shipping industry.
a. technology
b. military
c. religion
d. tradeing
e. to stop China and Great Btitian from getting too much power
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
A. technology- America had never previously bothered with getting land west of the contiguous United States because they didn't have the technology to make use of the land. With the invention of Steamships American had the ability to bring goods from Hawaii back to the contiguous United States in a timely fassion and make use of them.
C. religion- Much like the viewpoint of early labor reform movements, American's thought of themselfs as above the Hawaiins. They made what they were doing sound moraly right by arguing that the Hawaiins needed to be converted to monotheism for their own good.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
It was Secretary of State Steward's purchase of Alaska from the Russians. Many called it a Folly because at first it was looked upon as useless land. Not untill the many natural resources of the land became clear to Americans did the general public approve of the purchace.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
The Unite States controlled sugar plantations accounted for 3/4 of Hawaii's wealth.
5. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
In 1880 the United States declared the Western fronteer closed. Many believed that what made America so special was the ability do continue westward expansion and discover and make use of new natural resources. This created the belief that if Americans could no longer find a fronteer to explore they will cease to be real Americans. This, along with new technology that made exploreing the pacific ocean a feasible opprunity, eventually would lead to America's intrest in and eventual take over of Hawaii. Also, once intrest in Hawaii began, many more reasons why it was a necessary addition to the United States came about. It was wanted for: military reasons, because of Pearl Harobr's location; religious reasons, because Americans still had a strong belief in social darwinism and that they were more fit to control Hawaii than the hawaiians were; economic reasons, because of the ability to grow new resources that couldn't be grown in North America; and for nationalist reasons, to be able to control the shipping industry.
Friday, October 16, 2009
Child Labor Reform Photographs
Objective Assessment
As you view each photograph take note about what you see. (note people, background, objects) Pretend you were describing the image to someone who could not see it. Try to avoid making judgments.
Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings.
Describe any tools or objects you see.
Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?
Subjective Assessment
What questions do you have about each of these photographs?
Based on your observations, list three things you might infer about the lives of these children. (Be sure to consider Hine's notes about the photographs when considering this.
Photograph A- The photograph is of a young girl at work at a cotton mill. One can infer this because of the cotton spinning machines that are on the wall next to which she is standing. She is wareing tattered clothes which is most likely due to the hard work she endurs. One caninfer her work is hard because she is the lone worker in the photographand there are alot of machines. This chiled is most likely from a poor family, possably an immigrant, and uneducated, because of the time she spends working rather than going to school.
Photograph B- This photograph depicts five girls, probably around the age of 8, outside a factory. They all look upset and dirty. They are wareing clothes that are tattered and worn. This is most likely because they are forced to work there by their poor economic situations. At the factory, because this is before child labor reform, they were probably forced to work hard for long hours and little pay.I wonder what kind of work theys girls preform.
Photograph C
In this photograph there is a very young girl who looks tired and upset, working in what looks like a cloth makeing factory. She is wareing clothes that look like she has been working in them for quite some time. Based upon this photograph one can infer that this girl must work at the factory because her family is poor. You can also tell she must work very hard by the ratio of machines to workers, there is one little girl with many machines.
Photograph D
In the picture there is a very small boy selling newspapers to people in the city. He looks extreamily dirty and has tattered clothes. Because of this, one can infer the boy comes from a poor economic background. The look on his face shows anguish almost, showing that the work is probably more than he can handel, or that he is worried he wont sell enough to meet his needs.
Photograph E
This photograph shows many boys working at a coal factory. The density of the dust is so extream that it disruts the ability of the photo to capuure the seen, which is obvously unhealthy for those working there. The fact that these children are all working at such a young age shows that they are poor and desprately need the small wages they earn working. They probably had health problems later in life because of the working conditions they dealt with.
Photograph F
This picture depicts teenage boys working late at night in a glass factory. They are wareing ripped clothes that show that they have worn their working clothes alot. They are poor if they are working at 9 at night at their age. One can infer that if they are poor they have worked their entire childhood. They probably don't get a good education because of the amount of hours they work, too.
Photograph G
The people in this photograp are working at an oyster factory. The work they are doing looks hard and there are people rangein from no more than three years old to middle aged people, all working. The infrence that can be taken from this photograph is that the people are poor, because of the age of some of the workers and the clothes that they are wareing. The clildren in this picture will probably have to work their entire childhood like this because of their economic background. They will never get to experience a happy childhood.
Photograph H
This photograph shows children going to work a night shift at a factory. They are all poor because otherwis they would not be working at all, let alone a night shift. This also means they will not be able to recieve a proper education because they are too busy working. The three girls who work even though their father don't are most likely totally independent in raising themselfs, because if their father dosen't even work to support them he is most likely not involved in their lives whatsoever.
As you view each photograph take note about what you see. (note people, background, objects) Pretend you were describing the image to someone who could not see it. Try to avoid making judgments.
Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings.
Describe any tools or objects you see.
Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?
Subjective Assessment
What questions do you have about each of these photographs?
Based on your observations, list three things you might infer about the lives of these children. (Be sure to consider Hine's notes about the photographs when considering this.
Photograph A- The photograph is of a young girl at work at a cotton mill. One can infer this because of the cotton spinning machines that are on the wall next to which she is standing. She is wareing tattered clothes which is most likely due to the hard work she endurs. One caninfer her work is hard because she is the lone worker in the photographand there are alot of machines. This chiled is most likely from a poor family, possably an immigrant, and uneducated, because of the time she spends working rather than going to school.
Photograph B- This photograph depicts five girls, probably around the age of 8, outside a factory. They all look upset and dirty. They are wareing clothes that are tattered and worn. This is most likely because they are forced to work there by their poor economic situations. At the factory, because this is before child labor reform, they were probably forced to work hard for long hours and little pay.I wonder what kind of work theys girls preform.
Photograph C
In this photograph there is a very young girl who looks tired and upset, working in what looks like a cloth makeing factory. She is wareing clothes that look like she has been working in them for quite some time. Based upon this photograph one can infer that this girl must work at the factory because her family is poor. You can also tell she must work very hard by the ratio of machines to workers, there is one little girl with many machines.
Photograph D
In the picture there is a very small boy selling newspapers to people in the city. He looks extreamily dirty and has tattered clothes. Because of this, one can infer the boy comes from a poor economic background. The look on his face shows anguish almost, showing that the work is probably more than he can handel, or that he is worried he wont sell enough to meet his needs.
Photograph E
This photograph shows many boys working at a coal factory. The density of the dust is so extream that it disruts the ability of the photo to capuure the seen, which is obvously unhealthy for those working there. The fact that these children are all working at such a young age shows that they are poor and desprately need the small wages they earn working. They probably had health problems later in life because of the working conditions they dealt with.
Photograph F
This picture depicts teenage boys working late at night in a glass factory. They are wareing ripped clothes that show that they have worn their working clothes alot. They are poor if they are working at 9 at night at their age. One can infer that if they are poor they have worked their entire childhood. They probably don't get a good education because of the amount of hours they work, too.
Photograph G
The people in this photograp are working at an oyster factory. The work they are doing looks hard and there are people rangein from no more than three years old to middle aged people, all working. The infrence that can be taken from this photograph is that the people are poor, because of the age of some of the workers and the clothes that they are wareing. The clildren in this picture will probably have to work their entire childhood like this because of their economic background. They will never get to experience a happy childhood.
Photograph H
This photograph shows children going to work a night shift at a factory. They are all poor because otherwis they would not be working at all, let alone a night shift. This also means they will not be able to recieve a proper education because they are too busy working. The three girls who work even though their father don't are most likely totally independent in raising themselfs, because if their father dosen't even work to support them he is most likely not involved in their lives whatsoever.
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Progressive Era Presidents Taft and Wilson
1. How did William Howard Taft get selected to run for president?
President Roosevelt selected him to run on behalf of the Republican Party.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
When President Roosevelt saw how Taft was being too conservative and nor progressive enough, he decided to run for president. He could not win the republican nomination, however, and decided to form his own political party, the Progressive Party.
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
The formation of the Progressive Party split up what would be the Republican votes between two candidates, giving Wilson an easy victory.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 made it illegal for corporations to buy stock in other companies if doing so would create a monopoly. The establishment of the federal trade commission helped the government keep a close watch on big businesses to make sure no monopoles were being created.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
It gave women the right to vote nationally.
6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
It stalled reform efforts.
President Roosevelt selected him to run on behalf of the Republican Party.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
When President Roosevelt saw how Taft was being too conservative and nor progressive enough, he decided to run for president. He could not win the republican nomination, however, and decided to form his own political party, the Progressive Party.
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
The formation of the Progressive Party split up what would be the Republican votes between two candidates, giving Wilson an easy victory.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 made it illegal for corporations to buy stock in other companies if doing so would create a monopoly. The establishment of the federal trade commission helped the government keep a close watch on big businesses to make sure no monopoles were being created.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
It gave women the right to vote nationally.
6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
It stalled reform efforts.
Thursday, October 8, 2009
TR's Square Deal
1. How did Roosevelt create the modern presidency?
He worked to protect the intrests of the adverage American with actions such as the breaking up of strikes that harmed the country or using his power to pass legislation that regulated the quality of meat.
2. How did Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration?
The strike was having a negative effect on the public welfare of the country and Roosevelt decided to intervene in order to restore order and for the benefit of the country. From then on whenever strikes threatened to have a major negative impact on the good of the common people of the country the federal government was expected to intervene.
3. What did Roosevelt do to the trusts and railroads?
He broke up trusts whenever he could in an attempt to help stop monoplies from forming and to stop big business from ripping off their customers (the average American). He also passed laws that made it harder for railroads to set unfair prices on tickets because they had to say all their price changes publicly.
4. What legislation passed during Roosevelt's presidency protected citizens?
Elkins Act in 1903, Hepburn Act of 1906, Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act
5. What did Roosevelt do to protect the environment?
He was a conservationalist, which ment rather than not toushing land he used the land to benifit the ecology and evvironment.
He worked to protect the intrests of the adverage American with actions such as the breaking up of strikes that harmed the country or using his power to pass legislation that regulated the quality of meat.
2. How did Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration?
The strike was having a negative effect on the public welfare of the country and Roosevelt decided to intervene in order to restore order and for the benefit of the country. From then on whenever strikes threatened to have a major negative impact on the good of the common people of the country the federal government was expected to intervene.
3. What did Roosevelt do to the trusts and railroads?
He broke up trusts whenever he could in an attempt to help stop monoplies from forming and to stop big business from ripping off their customers (the average American). He also passed laws that made it harder for railroads to set unfair prices on tickets because they had to say all their price changes publicly.
4. What legislation passed during Roosevelt's presidency protected citizens?
Elkins Act in 1903, Hepburn Act of 1906, Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act
5. What did Roosevelt do to protect the environment?
He was a conservationalist, which ment rather than not toushing land he used the land to benifit the ecology and evvironment.
Saturday, October 3, 2009
Urbanzation
1. What is Urbanization?
The state of being or becoming a community with city like attributes.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
In the citys was where the best opprunitys to get jobs were.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
There was massive overpopulation and many people would be cramped into 1 house.
The state of being or becoming a community with city like attributes.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
In the citys was where the best opprunitys to get jobs were.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
There was massive overpopulation and many people would be cramped into 1 house.
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