1. What were the goals of the isolationists? Why is "isolationism" a misleading term?
Isolationists wanted first and foremost to stay out of war, not to completly isloate the US from forgin trade and interaction completly, as the title isolstionist might infer. They felt the best way for the US to handle the ongiong forgin issues was to keep a policy of neutrality.
2. What did some isolationists feel that there was no need for Americans to feel threatened by developments in Europe and Asia?
They felt the geographic distance between the US and Asia/Europe and the US allies in the western hemisphere would protect them from danger.
3. What were the purposes of the Nye Committee hearings?
They were ment to reveal the reasoning behind America's enterence into WWI as being a buisness move by big buisnesses and banks to make money off the war. Those who put on the hearings hoped it would sway many Americans to the isolationist cause.
4. List two impressions that the Nye Committee hearings created.
a. greed was behind the US entering WWI
b. the US must not let the same thing happen again and have millions of US soldiers killed because of greed
5. What were the purposes of the Neutrality Acts?
It was to prevent the US from entering the war for any reason. It bared the US from selling war materials to any country during the war.
6. List two reasons that some Americans considered Roosevelt's leadership radical and dangerous.
a. He attempted to "pack" the Supreme court
b. He ran for a 3rd tearm as president
7. What was "Cash and Carry"?
This part of the new neutrality act passed in 1939 allowed for the US to sell goods to waring nations as long as they payed the US for the goods and came and picked the goods personally.
8. Why did President Roosevelt freeze Japanese assets in the United States?
He did this as an economic sancion of Japan for occupying French Indochina.
9. What was the purpose of the America First Committee?
It was a committie dedicated to keeping the US out of war.
Showing posts with label Great_Depression. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Great_Depression. Show all posts
Monday, March 1, 2010
Tuesday, February 23, 2010
World Events Set Stage for Isolationism
1. What was the Japanese reaction to the Treaty of Versailles?
The Japanese were greatly offended because the treaty did not include the anti-raceism amendment they proposed. Their representatives at the treaty were not listened to and discriminated against and all over the western world japanese people were treated badly. Because the treaty did not include the anti-raceism legislation they requested they felt the need to distance themselfs from the western world and took a nationalist policy throughout the country.
2. Read the pull-out box on page 4 entitled, "Japan Becomes a Great Power." Cite specific evidence Japan was becoming a strong power that rivaled European & American interests. And, why specifically was Japan threatened by U.S. actions?
After 1860 Japan became open to thr rest of the world. Before this they had pratciced extream isolationism and did not interact with other countrys economically in any way. Once they began tradeing with other countrys, however, their economic, military, and political power grew exponentially. They became a world power after this but felt threatened by the US's constant growing presence in the pacific, which interfeared with the imperialist policys Japan was beginning to develop.
3. Why was the Washington Naval Conference convened and what was accomplished?
It was conviened because many nations, includeing the US, felt threatened by Japan's growing naval power. The treaty which was signed by all participateing countries limited naval importance in future wars and created other regulations on warefare.
4. The Senate's willingness to ratify the Kellogg-Briand Pact relected two strong and widely held sentiments. What were they?
a. Wanting to aviod war
b. Wanting the ability to take forceful international action when necessary
5. Why did Hitler enjoy popular support in Germany for most of the 1930s? Give three reasons.
a. Improved economy
b. reduced unemployment
c. fed on built up anger from WWI
6. Japan voiced its intentions to invade China for what two reasons?
a. To become self-sufficiant and not need to rely on forgin trade
b. as a retaliation to the bombing of a japanese train station.
7. Compare the Reichstag fire and the explosion on the Japanese railway in Manchuria. What did they accompllish?
They both gave their respective governments a reason to accomplish a task that would benifit said government. The fire gave Hitler a reason to declare all German Constitutional rights invalid, which helped his druing his rise to power. The bombing of the train station gave the Japanese a reason to invade China, which helped them expand their power outside of their island nation territory.
8. Why was the united States unable to oppose Japan in the early 1930s with a significant military force?
The US had drastically reduced the size of their military after WWI.
9. Describe the major similarities and differences among liberal democracy, fascism, and socialism.
The major differences among these political idologies is their views on the place of government in the lives of the people. Fascists believe that govenrment should have total, unquestioned, rule over the people. Basically the individual surrenders all of his/her rights to the government. Socialists are similar in the sence that they both believe in the lack of individual rights, hovever socialists believe that all citizens should be considered equal, and that all citizens should work for the betterment of society. Liberal democracy is the only of these ideologies that believes in and stresses the importance of the rights of the individual. This political system believes in a government run by elected officials who's job is to represent the views and concerns of the poeple whom they represent.
The Japanese were greatly offended because the treaty did not include the anti-raceism amendment they proposed. Their representatives at the treaty were not listened to and discriminated against and all over the western world japanese people were treated badly. Because the treaty did not include the anti-raceism legislation they requested they felt the need to distance themselfs from the western world and took a nationalist policy throughout the country.
2. Read the pull-out box on page 4 entitled, "Japan Becomes a Great Power." Cite specific evidence Japan was becoming a strong power that rivaled European & American interests. And, why specifically was Japan threatened by U.S. actions?
After 1860 Japan became open to thr rest of the world. Before this they had pratciced extream isolationism and did not interact with other countrys economically in any way. Once they began tradeing with other countrys, however, their economic, military, and political power grew exponentially. They became a world power after this but felt threatened by the US's constant growing presence in the pacific, which interfeared with the imperialist policys Japan was beginning to develop.
3. Why was the Washington Naval Conference convened and what was accomplished?
It was conviened because many nations, includeing the US, felt threatened by Japan's growing naval power. The treaty which was signed by all participateing countries limited naval importance in future wars and created other regulations on warefare.
4. The Senate's willingness to ratify the Kellogg-Briand Pact relected two strong and widely held sentiments. What were they?
a. Wanting to aviod war
b. Wanting the ability to take forceful international action when necessary
5. Why did Hitler enjoy popular support in Germany for most of the 1930s? Give three reasons.
a. Improved economy
b. reduced unemployment
c. fed on built up anger from WWI
6. Japan voiced its intentions to invade China for what two reasons?
a. To become self-sufficiant and not need to rely on forgin trade
b. as a retaliation to the bombing of a japanese train station.
7. Compare the Reichstag fire and the explosion on the Japanese railway in Manchuria. What did they accompllish?
They both gave their respective governments a reason to accomplish a task that would benifit said government. The fire gave Hitler a reason to declare all German Constitutional rights invalid, which helped his druing his rise to power. The bombing of the train station gave the Japanese a reason to invade China, which helped them expand their power outside of their island nation territory.
8. Why was the united States unable to oppose Japan in the early 1930s with a significant military force?
The US had drastically reduced the size of their military after WWI.
9. Describe the major similarities and differences among liberal democracy, fascism, and socialism.
The major differences among these political idologies is their views on the place of government in the lives of the people. Fascists believe that govenrment should have total, unquestioned, rule over the people. Basically the individual surrenders all of his/her rights to the government. Socialists are similar in the sence that they both believe in the lack of individual rights, hovever socialists believe that all citizens should be considered equal, and that all citizens should work for the betterment of society. Liberal democracy is the only of these ideologies that believes in and stresses the importance of the rights of the individual. This political system believes in a government run by elected officials who's job is to represent the views and concerns of the poeple whom they represent.
Sunday, February 7, 2010
New Deal Essay Outline
Thesis : The Roosevelt Administration looked to bring about the recovery of the US economy by creating a number of big government programs aimed at improving the economic and social welfare of the US, and to an extent this was successful, but did not fix the major underlying issues that faced the nation and did not end the Depression.
Problems-
- Industries fail
o Causes mass layoffs
Causes high unemployment
- unemployment, along with irresponsible lending by banks, led to the inability of many to pay back loans
o causes many banks to run out of money, not able to give people their money
people stop depositing in banks and lose all faith in the system
- after WWI farmers began overproducing crops
o large supply and lower demand causes price of farm goods to drop significantly
o many farmers go out of business
- Speculation on the stock market causes market to crash
o Many lose huge sums of money due to stock market crash
Measures Taken-
- major legislation passed aimed at fixing problems causing the depression
- emergency banking act-
o passed 1st day in office
o closed down all banks so they could be examined by federal government for economic stability
o banks deemed able to survive economically (sometimes with help by the federal government by the means of loans) were allowed to reopen, those deemed unstable closed
- Securities exchange commission-
o Aimed to fix problems on wall street
o Placed many government regulations on the stock market, such as not allowing speculation
- Agricultural Adjustment Administration-
o Aimed at fixing the problems in the agricultural sector of the economy
o Gave incentives to farmers who killed off extra live stock and crops in order to even out supply and demand
- National Recovery Act-
o Aimed at regulating socio-economic trends
o Regulated prices for many products and limited the freedom of the market in order to ensure fair trade
- Federal Deposit Insurance Cooperation-
o Aimed at further restoring US confidence in the banking system
o Guaranteed those who deposited into banks $X if the bank failed
Effects-
- Emergency banking act
o Restored faith in the banking system
o Saved many banks that were on the brink of failure
o Caused those who deposited into the banks deemed unable to survive to lose their money, with no refund
- Securities Exchange Commission
o Prevented people from taking advantage of the stock market, which caused the ’29 crash
- Agricultural Adjustment Administration
o Stabilized the market for goods from the farms
o Wasted food that could be used to help those suffering from hunger
o Widely considered immoral
- National recovery act
o Highly criticized because of limitations on free market
o Hurt business
o Eventually deemed unconstitutional
- Federal deposit insurance cooperation
o Provided an insurance policy to those who deposited in banks
o Restored faith in banks
Judgment
- Successful in…
o Restoring confidence in banks
o Stabilizing farming sector
o Highly improving stock marker fairness
o Creating jobs
o Somewhat lowering unemployment
- Failed in…
o Ending recession
o Bringing country together
o Being uncontroversial (many said was unconstitutional, communism, took advantage of tax payers, too confusing)
o Simplicity (accused of having too many rules and regulations)
o Fairness (stocking the supreme court)
- overall judgment
o successful in fixing minor problems and restoring confidence in banking system… but did not accomplish final goal of ending great depression because of radicalness and copiousness of rules, regulations, and government programs
Problems-
- Industries fail
o Causes mass layoffs
Causes high unemployment
- unemployment, along with irresponsible lending by banks, led to the inability of many to pay back loans
o causes many banks to run out of money, not able to give people their money
people stop depositing in banks and lose all faith in the system
- after WWI farmers began overproducing crops
o large supply and lower demand causes price of farm goods to drop significantly
o many farmers go out of business
- Speculation on the stock market causes market to crash
o Many lose huge sums of money due to stock market crash
Measures Taken-
- major legislation passed aimed at fixing problems causing the depression
- emergency banking act-
o passed 1st day in office
o closed down all banks so they could be examined by federal government for economic stability
o banks deemed able to survive economically (sometimes with help by the federal government by the means of loans) were allowed to reopen, those deemed unstable closed
- Securities exchange commission-
o Aimed to fix problems on wall street
o Placed many government regulations on the stock market, such as not allowing speculation
- Agricultural Adjustment Administration-
o Aimed at fixing the problems in the agricultural sector of the economy
o Gave incentives to farmers who killed off extra live stock and crops in order to even out supply and demand
- National Recovery Act-
o Aimed at regulating socio-economic trends
o Regulated prices for many products and limited the freedom of the market in order to ensure fair trade
- Federal Deposit Insurance Cooperation-
o Aimed at further restoring US confidence in the banking system
o Guaranteed those who deposited into banks $X if the bank failed
Effects-
- Emergency banking act
o Restored faith in the banking system
o Saved many banks that were on the brink of failure
o Caused those who deposited into the banks deemed unable to survive to lose their money, with no refund
- Securities Exchange Commission
o Prevented people from taking advantage of the stock market, which caused the ’29 crash
- Agricultural Adjustment Administration
o Stabilized the market for goods from the farms
o Wasted food that could be used to help those suffering from hunger
o Widely considered immoral
- National recovery act
o Highly criticized because of limitations on free market
o Hurt business
o Eventually deemed unconstitutional
- Federal deposit insurance cooperation
o Provided an insurance policy to those who deposited in banks
o Restored faith in banks
Judgment
- Successful in…
o Restoring confidence in banks
o Stabilizing farming sector
o Highly improving stock marker fairness
o Creating jobs
o Somewhat lowering unemployment
- Failed in…
o Ending recession
o Bringing country together
o Being uncontroversial (many said was unconstitutional, communism, took advantage of tax payers, too confusing)
o Simplicity (accused of having too many rules and regulations)
o Fairness (stocking the supreme court)
- overall judgment
o successful in fixing minor problems and restoring confidence in banking system… but did not accomplish final goal of ending great depression because of radicalness and copiousness of rules, regulations, and government programs
Sunday, January 31, 2010
FDR & the New Deal
1. Describe how people struggled to survive during the depression.
The many who became unemployed during this time could no longer afford to pay for houseing or food. They battled with poor conditions (cold, poor sanatation) and extream hunger every day and battled to survive.
2. How was what happened to men during the Great Depression different from what happened to women? Children?
Men struggled with unemployment especially because up untill this point men ahd always been expected to work in order to provide for their families, and the fact that they could no longer do this was a concept many men could not face, and they became hobos, wandering about aimlessly. Women did more than ever attempting to keep their families afloat. They canned food and made clothing that could not be bought anymore. Some even went out nd got jobs, though they were payed less than the men were for equal pay. Children suffered because their parents could not provide for them. The poor living conditions and lack of nutrition caused serious health problems for the youts.
3. Describe the causes and effects (on people) because of the Dust Bowl.
Over farming and plowing of farm land in the midwest led to a geography of mostly sand and dust. This, combined with a period of drout and rough sand storms, led to viloent sand storms that forced familys living in this area to abandon their homes and move westward to California.
4. What was the New Deal and its three general goals? (The 3 Rs)
The new deal was a nickname for the FDR administration, based on a quote from a champaign speech in which a "new deal" was promised to the American people. Its goals were economic recovery, relief for the needy, and finincial reform.
5. What did Roosevelt do during the Hundred Days?
He passed fifteen major pieces of legislation into law createing a greater government involvement in the nations economy.
6. Why were Roosevelt's fireside chats significant?
They restored the American people's faith in government and the banks. Many people allowed their saveings to go back to the banks after these "chats".
7. Describe four significant agencies and/or bills that tightened regulation of banking and finance.
Glass-Steagall Act- established the Federal Deposet Insurence Coorperation to protect people's money in the banks.
Federal Secruities Act- Forced all major coorperations to release accurate stock information.
Securities and Exchange Commission- Provided frderal regulation for the stock market.
The 21st amendment- repealed the prohibition
The many who became unemployed during this time could no longer afford to pay for houseing or food. They battled with poor conditions (cold, poor sanatation) and extream hunger every day and battled to survive.
2. How was what happened to men during the Great Depression different from what happened to women? Children?
Men struggled with unemployment especially because up untill this point men ahd always been expected to work in order to provide for their families, and the fact that they could no longer do this was a concept many men could not face, and they became hobos, wandering about aimlessly. Women did more than ever attempting to keep their families afloat. They canned food and made clothing that could not be bought anymore. Some even went out nd got jobs, though they were payed less than the men were for equal pay. Children suffered because their parents could not provide for them. The poor living conditions and lack of nutrition caused serious health problems for the youts.
3. Describe the causes and effects (on people) because of the Dust Bowl.
Over farming and plowing of farm land in the midwest led to a geography of mostly sand and dust. This, combined with a period of drout and rough sand storms, led to viloent sand storms that forced familys living in this area to abandon their homes and move westward to California.
4. What was the New Deal and its three general goals? (The 3 Rs)
The new deal was a nickname for the FDR administration, based on a quote from a champaign speech in which a "new deal" was promised to the American people. Its goals were economic recovery, relief for the needy, and finincial reform.
5. What did Roosevelt do during the Hundred Days?
He passed fifteen major pieces of legislation into law createing a greater government involvement in the nations economy.
6. Why were Roosevelt's fireside chats significant?
They restored the American people's faith in government and the banks. Many people allowed their saveings to go back to the banks after these "chats".
7. Describe four significant agencies and/or bills that tightened regulation of banking and finance.
Glass-Steagall Act- established the Federal Deposet Insurence Coorperation to protect people's money in the banks.
Federal Secruities Act- Forced all major coorperations to release accurate stock information.
Securities and Exchange Commission- Provided frderal regulation for the stock market.
The 21st amendment- repealed the prohibition
Thursday, January 28, 2010
Causes of the Great Depression Outline
To what extent was the Wall Street Crash a cause of the Great Depression of 1929? Support your argument with specific examples.
The Wall Street Crash was the most important cause of the Great Depression of 1929, because of the chain effect it had on other sectors of the economy which all together combined to cause the economic depression.
main point one- Crash caused major domino effect which led to major problems with unemploiment, poverty, and failed banking systems.
- investors lose money
- causes buisnesses to lose profit; lay off workers
- laied off workers spend less money; buisnesses have to cut production
- lack of money among thosealready effected by economic problems cannot pay back lones; banks run out of money
- cannot give people back their money
main point two- boom of investors during this time means wall street crash effects large amount of people directly
- amount of stock owners grew from 4million in 1920 to 20million (1/6 of the American population at the time)in 1929
- 600,000 "speculators" buy stocks on money borrowed from a loan; cannot pay back lone when stocks don't rise as much as expected.
- banks loan $9million to "speculators" without regard to their ability to pay such a loan back
- once market shows sighs of decline 20 million investors all try to sell their stocks at the same time buy only the uber-rich can afford to buy.
main point three- there were other causes, but they were isolated and did not have a similar chain reaction to that of the stock market crash
- overfarming leads to the forclosure of many farms, but this mainly only effected the farming community, which was not as big a portion of the country at this time than it had been in previous generations
- new technologies made some older goods unnecessary, which hurt these industries, once again no chain reaction
- Tarrifs created on forgin goods hurt international trade (ex: 1930 Hawley-Smoot Tarrif
The Wall Street Crash was the most important cause of the Great Depression of 1929, because of the chain effect it had on other sectors of the economy which all together combined to cause the economic depression.
main point one- Crash caused major domino effect which led to major problems with unemploiment, poverty, and failed banking systems.
- investors lose money
- causes buisnesses to lose profit; lay off workers
- laied off workers spend less money; buisnesses have to cut production
- lack of money among thosealready effected by economic problems cannot pay back lones; banks run out of money
- cannot give people back their money
main point two- boom of investors during this time means wall street crash effects large amount of people directly
- amount of stock owners grew from 4million in 1920 to 20million (1/6 of the American population at the time)in 1929
- 600,000 "speculators" buy stocks on money borrowed from a loan; cannot pay back lone when stocks don't rise as much as expected.
- banks loan $9million to "speculators" without regard to their ability to pay such a loan back
- once market shows sighs of decline 20 million investors all try to sell their stocks at the same time buy only the uber-rich can afford to buy.
main point three- there were other causes, but they were isolated and did not have a similar chain reaction to that of the stock market crash
- overfarming leads to the forclosure of many farms, but this mainly only effected the farming community, which was not as big a portion of the country at this time than it had been in previous generations
- new technologies made some older goods unnecessary, which hurt these industries, once again no chain reaction
- Tarrifs created on forgin goods hurt international trade (ex: 1930 Hawley-Smoot Tarrif
Monday, January 25, 2010
Causes & Early Effects of the Great Depression
1. What happened on "Black Tuesday"?
"Stockbrokers were ordered to sell at whatever the price, and the stock market crashed."
2. How did the economic trends of the 1920s in industry, agriculture, and with consumers help cause the Great Depression? (Make sure you include significant details about each area in your answer. It should be at least a paragraph)
Many industrys that had previously been important and booming became no longer important due to the development of new technolegies. These industries could no longer make a profit. During WWI the demand for crops grew tremendously and with this being true many farmers began to grow a supless of crops. The demans dropped after the war, however, and farmers grey more that they could pay for and went into debt. As unemployment rose, inflation grew as well, and people stopped buying goods because of the raise in price.
3. According to your reading, what are the major causes of the Great Depression?
a. dependency on credit
b. uneven distribution of income
c. failure of industries
d. failure of farmers
e. dangerous consumer habits
4. What was Hoover’s philosophy of government?
He believed the government's chief purpose was to settle disputer between competeing partys, but was also a strong supporter of individualism.
5. What was Hoover’s initial reaction to the stock market crash of 1929?
He said it was part of the natural economic cycle and that everybody should stay calm.
6. What was the nation’s economic situation in 1930?
The depression was at an all time low.
7. How did voters in 1930 respond to this situation?
Many incumbant republicans were voted out of office.
8. What did Hoover do about the economic situation?
At first he reflected his beliefs in small governmet intervention by only takeing minor measures , such as establishing the National Credit Corperation, which loaned money to smaller banks. Eventually, however, the public demanded a more activest approach by the federal government, and he the economy into the government's hands by signing into law the federal home loan bank act and establishing the reconstruction finance committie.
9. How did the economy respond to his efforts?
Buisness failures continued.
"Stockbrokers were ordered to sell at whatever the price, and the stock market crashed."
2. How did the economic trends of the 1920s in industry, agriculture, and with consumers help cause the Great Depression? (Make sure you include significant details about each area in your answer. It should be at least a paragraph)
Many industrys that had previously been important and booming became no longer important due to the development of new technolegies. These industries could no longer make a profit. During WWI the demand for crops grew tremendously and with this being true many farmers began to grow a supless of crops. The demans dropped after the war, however, and farmers grey more that they could pay for and went into debt. As unemployment rose, inflation grew as well, and people stopped buying goods because of the raise in price.
3. According to your reading, what are the major causes of the Great Depression?
a. dependency on credit
b. uneven distribution of income
c. failure of industries
d. failure of farmers
e. dangerous consumer habits
4. What was Hoover’s philosophy of government?
He believed the government's chief purpose was to settle disputer between competeing partys, but was also a strong supporter of individualism.
5. What was Hoover’s initial reaction to the stock market crash of 1929?
He said it was part of the natural economic cycle and that everybody should stay calm.
6. What was the nation’s economic situation in 1930?
The depression was at an all time low.
7. How did voters in 1930 respond to this situation?
Many incumbant republicans were voted out of office.
8. What did Hoover do about the economic situation?
At first he reflected his beliefs in small governmet intervention by only takeing minor measures , such as establishing the National Credit Corperation, which loaned money to smaller banks. Eventually, however, the public demanded a more activest approach by the federal government, and he the economy into the government's hands by signing into law the federal home loan bank act and establishing the reconstruction finance committie.
9. How did the economy respond to his efforts?
Buisness failures continued.
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