1. What was Wilson's 14th Point?
That A League of Nations should be established in which countries can negotiate their differences rather than go to war.
2. What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
Several new colonies were established that included German land; their military was drastically cut, and they were forced to pay 33 billion dollars.
3. What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
It did not allow for lasting peace in Eurpoe because of its poor treatement of Germany, its lack of Russian intrests met, and its ignored requests for people of the colonies for self determination.
4. Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
He, and many other conservative senators, feared it threatened the US's right to keep a forgin policy of isolationism.
5. How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
He was unwilling to listen to Republicans (who had the majority in the senate) and comprimise, so therefore they were unwilling to agree to any of his tearms.
(A president unwilling to listen to the opinion of the opposing political party on major legislation and haveing it come back to haunt him, sounds like another US president...)
6. What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf Hitler?
The unwillingness og the "Big 4" at the meetings at Varsaillies to cut Germany any slack. The poor treatement of Germany left many Germans feeling personally attacked.
7. Who is George Clemenceau?
He was the prime minister of France during WWI.
8. Who is David Lloyd George?
The Prime Minister of Great Britain.
9. Describe the participation of Russia at the peace conference.
They were not invited because of the communist takeover of the government that had occured shortly after the end of WWI.
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Thursday, December 10, 2009
WWI - The War at Home
What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
1. War Industries Board
The WIB encouraged mass production which dramastically increased the production of factorys during the late 1910s.
2. Railroad Administration
It helped control railroads during WWI.
3. Fuel Administration
This federal agency monitered the use of oil, gasoline, and fule during the war in order to conserve resources. It took measures to make sure these resources were not being used unnecessarly used such as establishing daylight-saveings time.
4. National War Labor Board
This agency was established in order to deal with the growing disagreements between workers and management; it helped shut down the growing unrest among unions but also took measures to improve their working conditions.
5. Food Administration
This agency took measures to make sure food wasen't wasted during the wartime, but did not go as far as rationing food. Rather, it encouraged people only to eat as much as was necessary and to set aside cirtan days to not eat priticular types of food.
6. Committee on Public Information
This committee spread pro-American news that helped encourage the American to support and protect their soldiers so that they could effectively protect the county at war.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts
These acts helped unify the country during the war and restricted people from distupting domestic peace by limiting their right to speak out against the government and the war.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
Both these figures signifigantly shaped what life was like domestically during the first world war. Bernard M. Burch led the WIB which shaped the economy during this time. George Creel helped gain domestic support for the soldiers fighting in the war.
1. War Industries Board
The WIB encouraged mass production which dramastically increased the production of factorys during the late 1910s.
2. Railroad Administration
It helped control railroads during WWI.
3. Fuel Administration
This federal agency monitered the use of oil, gasoline, and fule during the war in order to conserve resources. It took measures to make sure these resources were not being used unnecessarly used such as establishing daylight-saveings time.
4. National War Labor Board
This agency was established in order to deal with the growing disagreements between workers and management; it helped shut down the growing unrest among unions but also took measures to improve their working conditions.
5. Food Administration
This agency took measures to make sure food wasen't wasted during the wartime, but did not go as far as rationing food. Rather, it encouraged people only to eat as much as was necessary and to set aside cirtan days to not eat priticular types of food.
6. Committee on Public Information
This committee spread pro-American news that helped encourage the American to support and protect their soldiers so that they could effectively protect the county at war.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts
These acts helped unify the country during the war and restricted people from distupting domestic peace by limiting their right to speak out against the government and the war.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
Both these figures signifigantly shaped what life was like domestically during the first world war. Bernard M. Burch led the WIB which shaped the economy during this time. George Creel helped gain domestic support for the soldiers fighting in the war.
Wednesday, December 2, 2009
The U.S. enters World War I
1. How did the United States raise an army?
It instituted a draft.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
They convinced the British to adapt the convoy system, which was immensly successful, and helped line a line of protective mines from Scottland to Norway. Also, after 2 and a half years of fighting, they brought an uplifting spitir to tired and worn allied forces, which helped them win the war.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
$338 billion.
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
More than 11 million civilian deaths, around 11 million military deaths, 10 million refugees, and many million injured.
5. Define armistice.
truce
It instituted a draft.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
They convinced the British to adapt the convoy system, which was immensly successful, and helped line a line of protective mines from Scottland to Norway. Also, after 2 and a half years of fighting, they brought an uplifting spitir to tired and worn allied forces, which helped them win the war.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
$338 billion.
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
More than 11 million civilian deaths, around 11 million military deaths, 10 million refugees, and many million injured.
5. Define armistice.
truce
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
World War I Begins
1. What are the four main causes of World War I? Give an example for each as to why it was a cause.
a. Nationalism- Many ethnic groups had bitter rivalies with eachother and wanted their own independent nation.
b. Imperialism- With many countries competeing for colonies with eachother, tentions were running high in Europ.
c. Militarism- World Powers began to spend alot more money on the military in order to become stronger incase of war.
d. Alliance system- The Europien nations made alliances with eachother agreeing to back eachother if war broke out, and when Hungry declared war on Siberia, a chain reaction caused all of Europe to become involved.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
Hungery had wanted to go to war with Syberia because of their geographical location, a prime peninsula for shipping, and the assination by a Siberian was a perfect opprunity to declare war. Gremany eagerly backed the war effort as well, because they had intrests that a takeover of the peninsula would serve.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
The Alliance System caused every major Europien power to become involved in the fighting.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
The war did not threaten US lives or property.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
a. Naturalized citizens- They had divided loyalities depending on their land of desent.
b. socialists- They saw it as an imperialists war.
c. pacifists- they are against all types of war.
d. parents- they did not want their children to be killed.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
Gremany Sunk any Allied boats it found, and in one instance killed innocent Americans. The US did nothing.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
Germany was gaining too much power and not allowing world peace.
a. Nationalism- Many ethnic groups had bitter rivalies with eachother and wanted their own independent nation.
b. Imperialism- With many countries competeing for colonies with eachother, tentions were running high in Europ.
c. Militarism- World Powers began to spend alot more money on the military in order to become stronger incase of war.
d. Alliance system- The Europien nations made alliances with eachother agreeing to back eachother if war broke out, and when Hungry declared war on Siberia, a chain reaction caused all of Europe to become involved.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
Hungery had wanted to go to war with Syberia because of their geographical location, a prime peninsula for shipping, and the assination by a Siberian was a perfect opprunity to declare war. Gremany eagerly backed the war effort as well, because they had intrests that a takeover of the peninsula would serve.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
The Alliance System caused every major Europien power to become involved in the fighting.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
The war did not threaten US lives or property.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
a. Naturalized citizens- They had divided loyalities depending on their land of desent.
b. socialists- They saw it as an imperialists war.
c. pacifists- they are against all types of war.
d. parents- they did not want their children to be killed.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
Gremany Sunk any Allied boats it found, and in one instance killed innocent Americans. The US did nothing.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
Germany was gaining too much power and not allowing world peace.
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
America as a World Power
1. What role did President Roosevelt play in ending the Russo-Japanese War?
He mandated peace talks between the two partys and helped them come to a conclusion that satisified both sides.
2. What events led to the building of the Panama Canal? What happened regarding Columbia? (Be specific)
The US and Britan had an agreement as early as 1850 in which they decided to share a canal that would go through Central America, but Great Britian eventually decided to give the US complete control of that canal. The US eventually bought claim to a pathway through Panama from a French Company, however, when the US went to ask Columbia permission to build the cancal, Panama had an upriseing against Columbia. The US than agreed to tearms with Panama and got permission to build their canal.
3. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?
The US would use force to protect its economic intrests in Latin America.
4. How did Taft use Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Colollary on Nicaragua? (Be specfic)
The country was in a great deal of debt due to revolt. The US arranged an agreement in which US bankers would lend Nicaragua money to pay their debts, and in return the US got control of many economic intrests in the area. When nationalists who fould out about this resisted, the US sent 2,000 marines to put down the rebellion.
5. Why did Woodrow Wilson invade Mexico?
The US used the captureing of American sailors to invade because they wanted control of Spanish oil wells.
6. What were three major foriegn policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century. Be sure to provide an example or two of each.
1. The Panama Canal
~ They were able to successfuly negotiate with Panama after they rebelled against Columbia.
2. They were able to establish themselfs as a world "poliece force"
~ They resolved the conflict between Russia and Japan
3. They were able to prove that they would not allow their economic intrests in Latin America to be threatened, even if this ment the use of viloence.
~ They put down the rebellion in Nigurara.
He mandated peace talks between the two partys and helped them come to a conclusion that satisified both sides.
2. What events led to the building of the Panama Canal? What happened regarding Columbia? (Be specific)
The US and Britan had an agreement as early as 1850 in which they decided to share a canal that would go through Central America, but Great Britian eventually decided to give the US complete control of that canal. The US eventually bought claim to a pathway through Panama from a French Company, however, when the US went to ask Columbia permission to build the cancal, Panama had an upriseing against Columbia. The US than agreed to tearms with Panama and got permission to build their canal.
3. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?
The US would use force to protect its economic intrests in Latin America.
4. How did Taft use Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Colollary on Nicaragua? (Be specfic)
The country was in a great deal of debt due to revolt. The US arranged an agreement in which US bankers would lend Nicaragua money to pay their debts, and in return the US got control of many economic intrests in the area. When nationalists who fould out about this resisted, the US sent 2,000 marines to put down the rebellion.
5. Why did Woodrow Wilson invade Mexico?
The US used the captureing of American sailors to invade because they wanted control of Spanish oil wells.
6. What were three major foriegn policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century. Be sure to provide an example or two of each.
1. The Panama Canal
~ They were able to successfuly negotiate with Panama after they rebelled against Columbia.
2. They were able to establish themselfs as a world "poliece force"
~ They resolved the conflict between Russia and Japan
3. They were able to prove that they would not allow their economic intrests in Latin America to be threatened, even if this ment the use of viloence.
~ They put down the rebellion in Nigurara.
Thursday, November 5, 2009
Imperialism's Bitter Fruit
1. a. After the Spanish were forced out of the Philippines, why did fighting break out between American and Filipino forces?
Because the Filipino forces believed they were going to have complete independence after the war, but the US took over for a while at first.
b. How was this a different kind of warfare for American forces?
They were fighting against guerrilla warfare.
2. Why were many African-Americans strong critics of the war against Filipino nationalists?
They had sympathy for the filipinos because they saw them as an oppressed people, like themselfs.
3. Explain two reasons why the United States lost some of its enthusiasm for imperialism in the early 1900s.
a.
It was costly to control so many smaller lands outside of the US
b.
It was hard to keep the people of these small lands under control.
4. What were the positive effects of American occupation in Puerto Rico and Cuba?
The main posative effect was that the US could take advantage of the lands and their economic upside. It was also good for the lands because the US protected them from other forgin powers.
5. After the Spanish-American War, the United States insisted that Cuba only receive independence after agreeing to several limitations set forth in the Platt Amendment. Four restrictions on Cuban independence set forth in the Platt Amendment were:
a.
US could oversee Cuban economy
b.
US had power to veto cuban forgin policy
c.
US could interviene in cuban affairs
d.
US got G-Bay
Was the United States justified in making these demands? Explain your reasoning.
The US was absolutly justified in makeing these demands. The US was reponsable for theeing the Cubans their freedom and were simply ensureing their economic intrests in the area were same.
6. Do you believe the United States was imperialist? Why or why not?
I do believe the US was imperailist because they continues to gain many pacific lands. This was necessary, however, to keep up with the other world powers and continue to be a world power themselfs.
Because the Filipino forces believed they were going to have complete independence after the war, but the US took over for a while at first.
b. How was this a different kind of warfare for American forces?
They were fighting against guerrilla warfare.
2. Why were many African-Americans strong critics of the war against Filipino nationalists?
They had sympathy for the filipinos because they saw them as an oppressed people, like themselfs.
3. Explain two reasons why the United States lost some of its enthusiasm for imperialism in the early 1900s.
a.
It was costly to control so many smaller lands outside of the US
b.
It was hard to keep the people of these small lands under control.
4. What were the positive effects of American occupation in Puerto Rico and Cuba?
The main posative effect was that the US could take advantage of the lands and their economic upside. It was also good for the lands because the US protected them from other forgin powers.
5. After the Spanish-American War, the United States insisted that Cuba only receive independence after agreeing to several limitations set forth in the Platt Amendment. Four restrictions on Cuban independence set forth in the Platt Amendment were:
a.
US could oversee Cuban economy
b.
US had power to veto cuban forgin policy
c.
US could interviene in cuban affairs
d.
US got G-Bay
Was the United States justified in making these demands? Explain your reasoning.
The US was absolutly justified in makeing these demands. The US was reponsable for theeing the Cubans their freedom and were simply ensureing their economic intrests in the area were same.
6. Do you believe the United States was imperialist? Why or why not?
I do believe the US was imperailist because they continues to gain many pacific lands. This was necessary, however, to keep up with the other world powers and continue to be a world power themselfs.
Sunday, November 1, 2009
Spanish-American War
1. What connections did the U.S. have to Cuba in the late 1800s? List at least two.
Cuba was one of America's primary tradeing markets in the 1800s. Over $50 million of American money was invested in Cuban sugar plantations and the US was the primary consumer of Cuban sugar.
2. What were the Spanish “reconcentration camps”?
They were camps that non-rebel Cubans were forced to live in by the Spanish during the Cuban Revolution so that they could not supply the rebels with food and other necessary supplies. Due to the poor living conditions of these camps, thousands perished.
3. List three reasons why the United States went to war with Spain in Cuba.
a. Newspapers, influenced by Cuban nationalists, swayed the public opinion against the Spanish.
b. The Spanish ambassador insulted President McKinley.
c. The USS Maine exploded. Many falsely accused the Spanish.
4. Which do you believe was the most important reason? Why?
I believe the yellow journalism in the newspapers of the time were the most important factor in the US's war against the Spanish. This is because every factor that was cited as a reason for war was made to look alot worse than it actually was by the newspapers, further contributeing to the anti-Spanish feeling of the US population at this time.
5. What did the Teller Amendment say?
It said the US had no intrest in controling Cuba after the fighting was resolved.
6. Why was a portion of the Spanish-American War fought in the Philippines?
The US attacked Spanish forces in the Philippines because the Spanish were expecting the majority of the war to be fought in Cuba.
7. Dewey’s victory in the battle in Manila sparked an outpouring of pride in the United States.
8. Why did Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders want to fight in Cuba?
They wanted to fight in Cuba due to the riseing national pride in the country at the time.
9. a. Why were many African-Americans eager to serve in the Spanish-American War?
They believed it was a chance to gain the respect of the US and be seen in a new light, free from raceism.
b. What forms of discrimination and prejudice did they encounter?
They were denied promotion to the officer dorps.
10. How did racism influence American perceptions of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines? Give two examples of events where racism affected U.S. policy after the war.
a. The US believed the Cubans needed to be "guided" after the war and did not allow them to be a part of the discussions with Spain after the war ended.
b. The US did not allow for the Philippeins to have independencd right away after their revolution.
Cuba was one of America's primary tradeing markets in the 1800s. Over $50 million of American money was invested in Cuban sugar plantations and the US was the primary consumer of Cuban sugar.
2. What were the Spanish “reconcentration camps”?
They were camps that non-rebel Cubans were forced to live in by the Spanish during the Cuban Revolution so that they could not supply the rebels with food and other necessary supplies. Due to the poor living conditions of these camps, thousands perished.
3. List three reasons why the United States went to war with Spain in Cuba.
a. Newspapers, influenced by Cuban nationalists, swayed the public opinion against the Spanish.
b. The Spanish ambassador insulted President McKinley.
c. The USS Maine exploded. Many falsely accused the Spanish.
4. Which do you believe was the most important reason? Why?
I believe the yellow journalism in the newspapers of the time were the most important factor in the US's war against the Spanish. This is because every factor that was cited as a reason for war was made to look alot worse than it actually was by the newspapers, further contributeing to the anti-Spanish feeling of the US population at this time.
5. What did the Teller Amendment say?
It said the US had no intrest in controling Cuba after the fighting was resolved.
6. Why was a portion of the Spanish-American War fought in the Philippines?
The US attacked Spanish forces in the Philippines because the Spanish were expecting the majority of the war to be fought in Cuba.
7. Dewey’s victory in the battle in Manila sparked an outpouring of pride in the United States.
8. Why did Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders want to fight in Cuba?
They wanted to fight in Cuba due to the riseing national pride in the country at the time.
9. a. Why were many African-Americans eager to serve in the Spanish-American War?
They believed it was a chance to gain the respect of the US and be seen in a new light, free from raceism.
b. What forms of discrimination and prejudice did they encounter?
They were denied promotion to the officer dorps.
10. How did racism influence American perceptions of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines? Give two examples of events where racism affected U.S. policy after the war.
a. The US believed the Cubans needed to be "guided" after the war and did not allow them to be a part of the discussions with Spain after the war ended.
b. The US did not allow for the Philippeins to have independencd right away after their revolution.
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